RODRIGO GONZALEZ FERNADEZ, junto a un grupo de periodistas y otros profesionales, darán inicio a este blog dirigido a las personas que dominen el idioma inglés.Es un desafio para matener se informado de ciertos temas relevantes en la empresa, gobierno, comercio exterior , derecho, tecnologias que buscaremos en la blogosfera mejor en el mundo.
Last Friday's weak unemployment numbers, with only 120,000 jobs created, brought renewed wails that highoil priceswere causing a recession.
Having heard this refrain so many times, I thought I'd dig a little deeper.
After all, a peak of $145 per barrel in the West Texas Intermediateoil pricepretty well coincided with the onset of the 2008 recession.
The question is whether or nothigh oil pricesare always correlated with an inevitable downturn.
For instance, when you look closer, oil was not to blame in 2008. Other factors were much more serious culprits, including the housing crisis (by then in market collapse) and the banking crisis that followed.
Between them they are the hallmarks of financial crisis that brought on the nasty recession.
To find out why, we need to do a little arithmetic.
High Oil Prices and the Economy
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics breaks down personal consumption expenditures (PCEs) on energy versus other items on a month-by-month basis.
The PCE on energy goods (which include natural gas and electricity) rose from 5.05% of total PCE in 2004 to 5.88% in 2007 and 6.31% in 2008. Whenoil pricespeaked in July 2008 PCE hit a maximum monthly level of 7.01%.
Thus taking the increase from 2007 to the highest month in 2008, energy PCE rose by 1.13 % of total PCE, or about $115 billion on an annualized basis.
That sounds like a lot of money, but it's well under 1% of GDP.
For example, it's less than the estimated $152 billion cost of former President Bush's ineffective 2008 tax rebate stimulus.
Indeed, it is one-seventh the size of President Obama's stimulus the following year, which didn't have much visible effect. Thus the high oil prices of 2008 might have made the difference between marginal growth and marginal decline, which according to the "butterfly effect" of chaos theory could have caused other larger changes.
However, high oil prices were certainly not sufficient to push an otherwise healthy economy into recession.
2007 vs. 2012: Comparing High Oil Prices
This time, oil prices are rising from a higher base.
The average West Texas Intermediate oil price of $94.87 in 2011 was 31% above 2007's average. It follows that an oil price jump to $147 would not be very economically significant.
In this case, we would need a larger spike to have any noticeable effect.
Oil prices did spike 101% from 2007's average to the peak on July 3, 2008. A similar rise from 2011's average would take theprice of oilto $191 per barrel.
If that jump raised energy PCE by the same proportion as in 2008 (starting from 2011's higher energy PCE of 6.07% of total PCE), it would push it up to 7.24% of PCE. This equates to a rise of about $129 billion.
If oil touched $200 a barrel, the rise in personal energy expenditures might be around $140 billion.
Again, at 0.9% of today's GDP that increase is just not big enough to cause recession in an economy growing even moderately.
It's just a little larger than the $118 billion "stimulus" from continuing the payroll tax cut for 2012.
It would slow growth, but given that we are currently experiencing growth of around 2%, it would not turn our current growth into decline.
WithFederal ReserveChairman Ben Bernanke'szero-interest-rate policiesin place until 2014, and the chance of yet more "stimulus," it is indeed possible we will see oil at $200 per barrel.
The price could get there gradually, over the next 12-18 months, or itcould leap there in one bound, if Iran closed the Straits of Hormuz. That would be very unpleasant, pushinggas pricesup to $7 per gallon.
But the above calculation shows that on its own $200 oil would not push the U.S. economy into recession.
Indeed, we should not expect it to; Europe has suffered from gas prices of $8 to $10 a gallon for several years now. While the European economy has many problems, it seems to survive its gas prices.
So we should expect to pay more for gas, but on balance should not expect recession from doing so.
As in 2008, the next recession is much more likely to be caused by the banking system!
CEL: 93934521 Santiago- Chile Soliciten nuestros cursos de capacitación y consultoría en GERENCIA ADMINISTRACION PUBLICA -LIDERAZGO - GESTION DEL CONOCIMIENTO - RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL – LOBBY – COACHING EMPRESARIAL-ENERGIAS RENOVABLES , asesorías a nivel nacional e internacional y están disponibles para OTEC Y OTIC en Chile
A creative twist on the Chilean classic: borgoña, with strawberries and other dark berries. (Photo by dinnerseries/Flickr)
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In the land of wine, ingenious mixologists keep coming up with more and more creative uses for the country's most celebrated spirit. Here, we've compiled 10 tried-and-true cocktail recipes employing Chilean reds, whites, bubblies, and local variations of grape ferments like vino añejo and chicha.
Terremoto
Chile's iconic mixed drink - the Terremoto, or "earthquake" - is ubiquitous during Independence Day celebrations on September 18 and 19, but it's possible to enjoy a pitcher year-round at the Santiago institution, La Piojera.
To make your own batch of Terremotos, you'll need the following:
1 bottle of white wine or vino pipeño (a sweet, homemade wine sold in plastic jugs, and similar to chicha - see Chicha Sour)
2 parts of fernet, rum, cognac OR pisco
2 scoops of pineapple ice cream
Mix the wine and liquor of choice thoroughly in a one-liter jar, then add ice cream. Serve immediately with a straw.
Ponche a la Romana
The best way to ring in the New Year, Chilean style, is with a brimming glass of Ponche a la Romana - sparkling wine with a scoop of pineapple ice cream. It's sweet, delicious, and one of the many colorful New Year's traditions in Chile, so you'll be in good company as you toast the new year (and rue the next morning).
Ponche (also, Clery)
New Year's Eve kicks off the summer, and for the rest of the warm months, it will be easy to find Ponche - white wine with diced peaches. To get the best flavor, mix the peaches into the wine and let sit for 12 hours. Canned peaches are generally used, but for that fresh peach flavor, dice a ripe peach and strain before serving. Serve cold.
Another variation - especially popular in the Chilean countryside - is called Clery, which is white wine with fresh strawberries.
Melón con Vino
Another summertime staple, Melón con Vino is just what it says - melon with wine. The trick is the serving method: carefully slice off the top of a round melon, scoop out the seeds, and fill with white wine. Stick in a straw, and pass around. The melon can be reused throughout the day, and is a staple on beaches throughout the central coast - just make sure to protect it from the sand!
Borgoña
Borgoña is another lovely pairing of Chilean wine and fruit, this time with red wine - we like it with Chile's classic varietal Carmenere - and fresh strawberries. Chop up the strawberries (you can also add blueberries and raspberries, if you're feeling daring) and place in a glass jug. Pour red wine over the strawberries and let sit for several hours, or serve immediately. Some like to add sugar to taste.
Navegado
Nothing beats the winter cold like a steaming mug of Navegado - a delicious mulled wine served throughout Chile's southern regions as the temperatures begin to drop. As with most great recipes, everyone has their own, but this as a basic framework.
1 bottle/box of red wine (the alcohol boils off and the liquid will reduce considerably, so there's no reason to use something fancy)
⅓ cup of orange juice
½ cup of sugar (or less, to taste)
Cinnamon sticks (one or two, to taste)
Cloves (five or six, to taste)
Orange slices - enough to cover most of the surface area of the pot
Once the wine has reached a simmer, it's ready to serve hot in tea cups or mugs. Letting the wine simmer longer will result in a thicker, more syrupy - and less alcoholic drink - and infuse your house with the delicious smell of spices and orange.
Chupilca
An old-school Chilean "energy drink," farmers in the central valley historically drank Chupilca midway through the day to keep up their strength, with a simple preparation of red wine, toasted flour and a little sugar. The toasted flour - harina tostada - gives a nice, porridge-like consistency to the drink, which is usually slurped with a spoon. If you've missed the chance to try it out on the farm, pour yourself a half glass of wine and mix with a spoonful of flour.
Jote (also, Chincol and Chuflay)
Perhaps the least glamorous of the wine cocktails, it's only fitting that the Jote is named for the black buzzard - a distinctly inglorious bird. Still, if you're trying to liven up some bad box wine (obviously not Chilean), there's no better cure than the Jote: mixing wine with Coca Cola.
The drink has spawned countless spin-offs, including Chincol - red wine and 7-Up - and Chuflay - white wine and Bilz y Pap. Beer drinkers, be sure to try the inimitable Fanschop as well, a combination of orange Fanta and "schop" or draft beer.
Chicha Sour
Of course, you've heard of the Pisco Sour. The famous national drink of both Chile and Peru (with contested origins), a Pisco Sour mixes lemon, amaretto and egg white with distilled grape brandy, or pisco. If you haven't tried one yet, you've likely never visited Chile.
A Chicha Sour uses the same main ingredients, but adds one of the Chilean countryside's best home-brewed wine alternatives: sweet chicha, a bubbly, young fermentation of grapes, usually bottled in five-liter plastic jugs and sold at produce stands in the central valley.
To make a Chicha Sour, you'll need the following:
3 oz of pisco
1 oz of "jarabe" - a thick syrup made from chicha. Try your local feria, or outdoor market.
1 oz of lemon juice
1 oz of chicha morada
1 tspn egg white*
4 ice cubes
2 drops of amaretto
Mix the pisco, jarabe, lemon juice, chicha morada and egg white vigorously in a blender or a cocktail shaker, until the egg white begins to foam. Pour into a cold cocktail glass, add the ice cubes and two drops of amaretto, and serve cold.
Vaina
The classy, older gentleman's aperitif of choice, Vainas are typically offered before or after a long, luxurious meal in finer establishments, poured into tiny cocktail glasses or champagne flutes.
To make your own, you'll need the following:
1.4 oz. vino añejo (aged wine, similar to port)
1 oz. cognac
1 oz. crème de cacao
3 tspn. sugar
1 egg yolk*
⅓ c. crushed ice
Cinnamon
Mix the vino añejo, cognac, crème de cacao, sugar and egg yolk in a blender. Add ice once the yolk is thoroughly mixed with the liquors. Serve and garnish with a sprinkling of cinnamon.
*A note on using raw egg in cocktails
Both the Chicha Sour and the Vaina use raw egg in their preparation. Raw egg can make you sick, especially if the eggs were not stored properly, so be careful where you order these drinks, or where you store your eggs. We've found that the drink pretty much tastes the same without egg - it just loses its pretty foam. Please prepare with care.
Fuente:
Saludos Rodrigo González Fernández Diplomado en "Responsabilidad Social Empresarial" de la ONU Diplomado en "Gestión del Conocimiento" de la ONU
Diplomado en Gerencia en Administracion Publica ONU
CEL: 93934521 Santiago- Chile Soliciten nuestros cursos de capacitación y consultoría en GERENCIA ADMINISTRACION PUBLICA -LIDERAZGO - GESTION DEL CONOCIMIENTO - RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL – LOBBY – COACHING EMPRESARIAL-ENERGIAS RENOVABLES , asesorías a nivel nacional e internacional y están disponibles para OTEC Y OTIC en Chile
Global industry news, project profiles and company updates.
The news we hear daily may paint a gloomy economic picture, but this isn't to say there is no good news for business. There are opportunities to be found and many of our clients are making significant progress in their industries.
In this issue we look at the areas where we have expanded our footprint as clients ask for support in new locations. We also focus on our expansion in the Americas, where 300 staff are now working on projects that vary from BP Solar's Long Island solar farm to a massive mining project in Peru.
We look at how what governments can do to attract investment in UK infrastructure projects, the challenges for energy investment, and our Americas managing director explores how a holistic approach to projects and programmes can provide new perspectives to reduce costs.
CEL: 93934521 Santiago- Chile Soliciten nuestros cursos de capacitación y consultoría en GERENCIA ADMINISTRACION PUBLICA -LIDERAZGO - GESTION DEL CONOCIMIENTO - RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL – LOBBY – COACHING EMPRESARIAL-ENERGIAS RENOVABLES , asesorías a nivel nacional e internacional y están disponibles para OTEC Y OTIC en Chile
In the course of my deployments to Iraq I learned a great deal about economics, though I didn't realize it at the time. I hadn't yet been introduced to the Austrian School or a Rothbardian view of laissez-faire capitalism. Looking back, however, I can see quite clearly that in several important areas voluntary systems not only existed in that country but thrived.
My first deployment was to Baghdad, that ancient Mesopotamian city positioned on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It was there I discovered how, even during the most violent and unstable times, markets can adapt to the needs of consumers and peacefully provide essential services to humanity.
The focus of this article will be on economic provision, rather than the war itself. However, it's important to note that the following free-market solutions have blossomed in spite of being in the heart of a country ravaged by economic sanctions and all but total war. Not only was the US-led war destructive of the physical means to provide such services; it also destroyed the institutions that delivered them, adding to the difficulty in restoring them.
Utility Services
In the United States virtually all utilities are a service provided by government. Whether they are directly controlled by municipal governments or simply regulated to the point of being creatures of those organizations, relatively few cases exist where the market provides utilities unhindered. Baghdad, however, was not so tightly regulated.
Being the capital city, it is home to all of the major government offices and thus has a priority for electrical power; this was true before and after the invasion. However, after a decade of brutal sanctions, followed by a relentless bombing campaign of "shock and awe," the socialized infrastructure was entirely unfit to meet demand. The solution arrived at by the Iraqi people was brilliant.
Taking advantage of economies of scale, residents would pool their resources and either buy a large generator or contract with someone who already owned one. Then a mechanic would be hired to maintain the generator, guarding it against thieves and ensuring it was properly fueled. The more clients a neighborhood had, the lower the consumer cost and higher the profits for the owners.
The one flaw in this system was that fuel was supplied by a centrally planned government agency. As might have been expected, shortages were frequent, leading to power outages. Had fuel been freed from the highly politicized and bureaucratic web of government, there's no doubt an equally innovative and peaceful solution would have arisen to address this need.
Money
Another pocket of freedom that many Iraqis enjoy is in market-based currency, or something similar. After the collapse of Iraq's government, the central bank no longer issued notes for the Iraqi dinar. At this time the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), which was the US-lead interim government, began a large-scale influx of the US dollar. Between large shipments of currency from the CPA, and the widespread use of the dollar by hundreds of thousands of troops, its supply quickly increased. And while many thought the result would be large-scale abandonment of the dinar, quite the opposite in fact occurred.
B.K. Marcus describes the result here, wherein the dinar actually increased in value and was in many cases the preferred currency by many in the country. One primary reason seems to be that the value of the dinar remained fairly constant, due to its supply being more stable. But other currencies existed, some fiat-based, others springing from the market.
In another account of the market in Iraq, Edward Gonzales described how in the western region of the country, sheep and bottled water acted as money. Their value floated based on the season and relative quantities of one or the other. While I never witnessed trades made with livestock or other commodities, I did see that not just dinars and dollars were used for exchange.
My second deployment was to the Babel province, south of Baghdad, and the Iranian rial was fairly common there. This was particularly true in the Shia towns and neighborhoods, as might have been expected. I was not familiar with the exchange ratios among the currencies, but all were used in trade. It was not uncommon for a man's wallet to contain two or more of a different states' moneys, even all three at times.
Defense Services
Perhaps the state's longest running and most institutionalized monopoly is that of defense. Advocates of limited government will quickly concede that most services ought to be provided in a free market. This provides incentives for firms to compete for market share, thus raising quality while driving down prices. One service that must be provided by the state, according to everyone from socialists to minarchists, is defense of persons and their property.
Even many who claim to believe steadfastly in free enterprise will concede that defense is the sole purview of government. By doing so they implicitly argue that the same economic laws that govern the provision of trash collection are rendered impotent when applied to defending property. This certainly does not hold water theoretically, nor is it true when applied to the market in Iraq.
In most of the country there were multiple layers of government police and military, and martial law had become the norm. Despite (or perhaps because of) the saturation of the market by government defense monopolists, private services were a valuable commodity. In Baghdad, circa 2005, there were 175,000 US troops engaging various guerilla forces. On top of that, the government's police never bothered with the pretense of scruples and corruption was standard fare. Private security quickly became a profitable enterprise.
It is often suggested by advocates of a free society that, theoretically, defense would be an individual endeavor. So long as individuals are free to own property, goes the argument, they'll be able to arm themselves for protection. This is largely how it played out in Iraq. Each adult male was permitted to own one AK-47 rifle, for personal defense, and gun ownership was nearly ubiquitous. (This allowance was expanded later to allow shotguns for hunting).
As an added layer of protection, many neighborhoods employed night watchmen. These were typically middle-aged men who were contracted by their neighbors to patrol the streets and defend against thieves. Their teenage sons would often assist, and we came to know the groups well. Some took employment in the markets, hired by the business owners to protect commercial interests. Others were posted near residential street corners, keeping a watchful eye on their clients' homes through the night.
These were trusted men in the community, who had found a way to earn a living in a ravaged economy by supplying a highly valued service to their fellow man. They did as good or better a job than we did at securing neighborhoods. Recognizing this, we equipped them with infrared lights, indicating they were friendlies, to help protect them from our helicopter gunships and other units passing through the area at night.
In each of these cases, where proponents of the state argue we must have active government involvement, individuals found voluntary, peaceful solutions to their problems. In spite of the failure by both the Iraqi and US governments to provide essential services, such as adequate electrical power and the defense of property, private solutions quickly sprang up among the violence and disorder. Money too was not something that required a government fiat to make trade possible. The market, unhindered by the state, provided a currency by which individuals could exchange with one another.
Joel Poindexter is a student working toward a degree in economics. His writing has been published by the Ludwig von Mises Institute, LewRockwell.com and the Tenth Amendment Center. He lives with his wife and daughter near Kansas City. See his blog. Send him mail. See Joel Poindexter's article archives.
Fuente:
Saludos Rodrigo González Fernández Diplomado en "Responsabilidad Social Empresarial" de la ONU Diplomado en "Gestión del Conocimiento" de la ONU
Diplomado en Gerencia en Administracion Publica ONU
CEL: 93934521 Santiago- Chile Soliciten nuestros cursos de capacitación y consultoría en GERENCIA ADMINISTRACION PUBLICA -LIDERAZGO - GESTION DEL CONOCIMIENTO - RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL – LOBBY – COACHING EMPRESARIAL-ENERGIAS RENOVABLES , asesorías a nivel nacional e internacional y están disponibles para OTEC Y OTIC en Chile
The Horses & Dreams meets Great Britain CDI4* later this month in Germany will be a vital test of strength for the best riders in the run up to the Olympics.
Running from April 25 to 29 in Hagen, the event is the first international riders' tournament of the outdoor season.
Among the frontrunners for titles are World Championship runner-up Laura Bechtolsheimer, and her British team colleagues Carl Hester, Charlotte Dujardin, and Emile Faurie.
Since winning the European Championship title in 2011, the British team has been a favourite for the Olympics in London. Bechtolsheimer is a fan of the tournament, at the foot of the Borgberg mountain.
"I rode in my first ever international tournament in Hagen a.T.W. in 1998 – with my pony. Since then, I have competed there as a junior, as a young rider, and many times as an adult," Bechtolsheimer said.
"It is a fantastic tournament with super conditions and the atmosphere is always great, thanks to Ulli and Bianca Kasselmann's typically wonderful hospitality. I am already looking forward to Horses & Dreams."
Another strong change at Hagen is 25-year-old German Olympic hopeful Kristina Sprehe, with her black stallion Desperados. It was only a short while ago in Dortmund that she left world-class competition such as Laura Bechtolsheimer and Isabell Werth behind her, with an impressive 81.978%.
Matthias Rath has also announced his intention to come to Hagen with Totilas, meaning three black stallions – Desperados, Carl Hester's Uthopia and Totilas – will be on show.
Isabell Werth will also be in Hagen for the German team, as will Helen Langehanenberg with Damon Hill. Former German Championship horse Donnperignon will be there with his new young Danish rider, Anna Kasprzak.
• Following the successful première in 2011, Horses & Dreams meets Great Britain will once again be the opening station of the international DKB Riders Tour. This showjumping series, won last year for the fifth time by team European Champion Ludger Beerbaum (Riesenbeck), who now holds the record, is now on its 12th run and will this year again start at Hof Kasselmann.
It won't just be the "Germans" battling it out for victory – although almost the entire German Championship squad will be competing - the international show-jumping elite will also be using Hagen a.T.W. as a chance to prepare for the Olympics.
Denis Lynch (Ireland), for example, has already enjoyed consistently good results this year. The start of the outdoor season will also be a good assessment of his performance, just as it will be for Spaniard Sergio Alvarez Moya. Even the French national show-jumping team coach, Henk Nooren, who has already trained the teams from Spain and Sweden, has identified Horses & Dreams as a signpost for London.
Patrice Delaveau and Penelope Leprevost are two of the French riders amongst the top 20 in the world rankings, who want to recommend themselves for London in Hagen.
The perfect sporting and other general conditions at Hof Kasselmann inspire both the national and international riders: Team World Champion Marcus Ehning (Borken) says: "It's a fantastic place that Ulli Kasselmann has – I'm always happy to ride there".
The event won't just be very sporty, it will also be very British. Great Britain in the Osnabrück region will feature the most popular Beatles cover band around at the moment – The Silver Beatles.
The English Village will be providing a truly "strapping" taste of British sport: The Highland Games, which originates from the time of the Celtic kings in Scotland . The most famous events are Tossing the Caber, Putting the Stone and Scottish Hammer Throwing.
There will be a rally of original British vintage cars and both the biggest and smallest British horse breeds – Shire Horse vs. Shetland Pony.
Anyone feeling rather peckish after some serious spectating will be able to fortify themselves in the English double-decker bus – a British restaurant. And speaking of food: Fudge, Cream Cheese, and the British national dish Fish & Chips will all be on offer; not to mention whisky, the summer classic "Pimm's Cup No. 1" and nice cold Guinness.
Fuente:
Saludos Rodrigo González Fernández Diplomado en "Responsabilidad Social Empresarial" de la ONU Diplomado en "Gestión del Conocimiento" de la ONU
Diplomado en Gerencia en Administracion Publica ONU
CEL: 93934521 Santiago- Chile Soliciten nuestros cursos de capacitación y consultoría en GERENCIA ADMINISTRACION PUBLICA -LIDERAZGO - GESTION DEL CONOCIMIENTO - RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL – LOBBY – COACHING EMPRESARIAL-ENERGIAS RENOVABLES , asesorías a nivel nacional e internacional y están disponibles para OTEC Y OTIC en Chile
I am pleased to announce that in mid-April, we will begin another session of my Mises Academy online class: Principles of Economics. For those who missed the session a year ago, now is your chance to register. In addition to the textbook for the class — my Lessons for the Young Economist — we also now have the accompanying Teacher's Manual, which provides supplementary discussion, readings, and applications. As usual with the Mises Institute, the material is provided free in digital form (PDF and EPUB), for those who don't wish to buy more books. As I explain below, instead of static slideshows, we'll be using a blackboard-style presentation, giving them the flavor of a Khan Academy lesson.
The Scope of the Course
In the interest of making the material more accessible, we have shortened the course down to eight weeks (from its previous ten). The weekly lectures will run from April 18 through June 6. When choosing the material we would cover, I was guided by the idea that this might be the only economics class some students would take in their entire lives. My goal is that everyone who graduates from this course will leave with a basic understanding of how the economy really works. The students will learn the importance of private property as an institution, where money came from and what purpose it serves, and how profits and losses guide entrepreneurs when they run their businesses.
After explaining the workings of a free-market economy, we will then cover popular forms of government intervention. Students will learn how price controls distort the market and end up hurting the very people they supposedly help. We will cover the harmful effects of tariffs and other trade barriers, and students will learn the nature of inflation and understand why government is ultimately responsible for rising prices.
Using the Textbook
When writing Lessons for the Young Economist, I had a target age range of 7th through 10th grades. In fact, I sent drafts of the manuscript to one of my friends who teaches history to junior-high students. We worked together at every stage to ensure that the book's vocabulary, style, and chapter length were ideal for teaching economic principles to younger readers.
Although the online class and accompanying textbook are offered through the Mises Institute, strictly speaking this isn't a course in Austrian economics. Instead, the material will be more foundational. The book explains what the stock market is, and uses numerical examples to show how a household can expand its future income by saving more in the present. The idea is that newcomers to economics — whether young people or even adults who have never read deeply in the Austrian tradition — should read this book first and then move on to the works of Hazlitt and Rothbard.
Structure of the Course
In a typical week of the course, I will give a live video broadcast on Wednesday from 6:30–8:00 p.m. (EDT). I will spend the first 75 minutes lecturing on that week's material, and then I will field questions from students for the remaining 15 minutes. In addition, on Saturday I will have "office hours" at a varying time of day (in order to cater to different students each week), meaning that I will be available on a live video broadcast to answer questions from any students who tune in.
Note that the Saturday sessions are purely for the students' convenience, and are not mandatory. Also, all broadcasts will be recorded and available to enrolled students, so that people who have a scheduling conflict can still take the class if they wish.
If a student wishes, he or she can simply "audit" the class. This has been a popular option for many adults who take Mises Academy classes to watch the lectures but, because of their work schedules, can't keep up with the reading.
However, students may also take the class for a grade. These students will take a multiple-choice quiz each week, in addition to a midterm and final exam. Although the Mises Institute is not accredited, we will present certificates of completion and a formal grade at the end of the class to those students who desire it. Homeschooling parents in particular may decide that their child will receive excellent instruction in economic principles through this class.
"Blackboard" Presentation
In an effort to improve the educational experience, in this class we will be using a graphics tablet during the live lectures, to turn the screen into a blackboard. This will allow me to draw, say, a supply-and-demand graph freehand, making the students really feel as if I am in a classroom at a blackboard in front of them. We believe this will give me more flexibility in teaching the material, and will also make for more useful videos for students who are watching the lectures after the fact.
Austrian Economics: Level 1 Certificate
Taking this course for a grade will also put you on your way toward qualifying for an "Austrian Economics: Level 1" certificate, which is the Mises Institute's way of telling the world that you have acquired a strong understanding of the fundamentals.[1] The other courses in this certificate program will be announced soon.
Conclusion
Whether for yourself or a young person, the Mises Academy's upcoming principles course will provide a solid economic understanding of how the world works. Register now to reserve your spot. I hope to see you in class!
CEL: 93934521 Santiago- Chile Soliciten nuestros cursos de capacitación y consultoría en GERENCIA ADMINISTRACION PUBLICA -LIDERAZGO - GESTION DEL CONOCIMIENTO - RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL – LOBBY – COACHING EMPRESARIAL-ENERGIAS RENOVABLES , asesorías a nivel nacional e internacional y están disponibles para OTEC Y OTIC en Chile
Israel is the "Start-Up Nation." The tiny country has more scientists, engineers, and start-ups, per capita, than any other nation in the world. Numerous Israeli firms have been acquired by leading multinationals including Google, IBM, and HP. Other Israeli start-ups have gone public; more than 50 Israeli firms are listed on the NASDAQ alone.
Israel is also a hotbed of cleantech entrepreneurship. According to a new report from the Cleantech Group and WWF, Israel is the second most innovative country worldwide for cleantech. (Denmark ranked first). "Coming Clean: The Cleantech Global Innovation Index 2012" finds that Israel leads the world in creating cleantech companies and has produced a disproportionate number of high-quality firms.
Israel Cleantech Ventures (ICV) is the leading cleantech venture capital firm in Israel. To learn about Israeli cleantech innovation and ICV's strategy and investments, I spoke with the firm's three founding partners: Jack Levy, Meir Ukeles, and Glen Schwaber.
A, Jack Levy: Per capita, we have by far the most start-ups, particularly in cleantech. Although Israel is 60-plus years old, the country's private sector is really young. Its roots are in the 1980s and 1990s. A lot of the dynamism in the economy really comes from that. Another driver is the military experiences that young people go through, which gives them great responsibilities, great opportunities, and a can do attitude. But the driver that is most important and hardest to replicate is cultural, the perspective that failure can be one step along the way. America shares that perspective, but there are plenty of other cultures where a fear of failure keeps very talented people from taking risks or leaving larger organizations to start enterprises. Israel has a risk-taking culture. A lot of it comes from the fact that the downside is not as strong. If you fail, you'll try to learn from that failure and keep going. People won't hold your failure as a strike against you.
Q: In what areas is Israel strongest in cleantech innovation?
A, Meir Ukeles: At Israel Cleantech Ventures, we focus on areas that make sense in Israel for venture investing. Generally these are areas where Israel has very strong roots, in traditional energy and water industries. Israel is a dry country with a lot of sunlight and, up until recently, no domestic fossil fuel resources. Not surprisingly, technologies for solar, water efficiency, water treatment, water reuse and, in the last 10-15 years, desalination, have pretty deep roots. Call that one bucket.
The second bucket are startups that draw on technology innovation and intellectual capital out of what would be called traditional technology industries: semiconductors, power electronics, communications, and wireless in particular. There has also been some innovation in energy storage, a lot of which over the years was funded by or benefited from research and development done in the military and in the defense establishment and then, in the last 20 years, has been a hotbed of more traditional venture-backed, for-profit activity. There is a lot of innovation that comes from those roots and finds its way to the biggest problems of our era: resource efficiency, resource imbalances, and the environmental footprint of consumption.
The third bucket is from pockets in which Israel's traditional industrial base has a lot to contribute. Chemicals are one area where there is a lot of competence, some of which flows to the water industry. Other aspects go to agritech and green fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides.
Q: Are you seeing more dealflow in agritech? Are you becoming more excited about agritech?
A, Jack Levy: The answer to both questions is yes. The underlying business drivers and the reasons to be excited about sustainable agritech are quite clear. Agritech gets to the heart to what people think about when they think about cleantech: doing more with less. Growing more with less, with marginal land or with marginal water. Increasing yields or designing into seeds the crop protection chemicals that you otherwise need to distribute in old-fashioned and potentially problematic ways. These are massive global opportunities.
Israel has already established itself as a strong source of innovative technologies, both in terms of gene discovery for plant genomics and for breeding. The agronomy community in Israel has been very strong. We have seen large multinationals get active in the Israel market, not only partnerships, but also with acquisitions. Syngenta and Monsanto have consummated acquisitions in Israel. That leads to a virtuous cycle of talent that gets exposed to the ways that these companies work, that stays in Israel and comes back here. Agritech is also an area, like solar and like water, on which the academic community in Israel has been focused for decades. All of this makes Israel very fertile, no pun intended, for agritech startups. We are definitely seeing an accelerated pace for the number of companies we are looking at in this area, with strong, experienced entrepreneurs.
A, Meir Ukeles: We are very interested in the meeting of distributed intelligence technology. Think of the intelligence that you have resident in your smartphone. We are interested in the meeting of that with the needs of modern agriculture. The opportunities to unlock the flow of information offered by the modernization of communication infrastructure is very exciting in terms of what that can offer to the agriculture market.
Fuente:
Saludos Rodrigo González Fernández Diplomado en "Responsabilidad Social Empresarial" de la ONU Diplomado en "Gestión del Conocimiento" de la ONU
Diplomado en Gerencia en Administracion Publica ONU
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